History: The French Revolution
1. Explain the circumstances and causes that led to the outbreak of the French Revolution.
2. Explain the social and economic inequalities in France under the Old Regime and how they contributed to the Revolution.
3. Explain the significance of the storming of the Bastille (14 July 1789) in the course of the French Revolution.
4. Discuss the main reforms introduced by the National Assembly during the French Revolution (1789–1791).
5. What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen? Explain its key principles and significance.
6. How did the ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity emerge as a legacy of the French Revolution?
7. How did the French Revolution change the lives of ordinary people? (Mention at least two major changes in society or rights.)
8. Explain the influence of Enlightenment thinkers on the French Revolution, with examples.
History: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
1. Define socialism and explain any four features of socialist ideology.
2. Explain the main ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels about capitalist society and why they believed revolution was necessary.
3. Describe the social and economic conditions in Russia that led to unrest and revolution by 1917.
4. Explain the key demands of the February Revolution (March 1917) in Russia and why these demands arose.
5. What were Lenin’s April Theses? Explain their significance for the Russian Revolution.
6. Why did the Provisional Government (Kerensky regime) fail in 1917? Explain any three reasons.
7. Discuss any three major changes introduced by the Bolshevik (Soviet) government after the 1917 Russian Revolution.
8. Describe the causes and outcomes of the Russian Civil War (1918–1920).
Geography: India – Size and Location
1. Why is India called a subcontinent? Explain with reference to its physical features.
2. What is India’s latitudinal and longitudinal extent? Explain how these coordinates influence the country’s climate and time zones.
3. Explain the significance of the Tropic of Cancer as it passes through India.
4. What is the significance of India’s Standard Meridian (82°30′E) and its connection to Indian Standard Time?
5. How does India’s peninsular location (surrounded on three sides by seas) affect its trade and cultural interactions?
6. Explain how India’s latitudinal extent (from about 8°4′N to 37°6′N) contributes to its climatic diversity.
7. What role do the Himalayas play in influencing India’s climate and protecting the country?
8. How does India’s geographical location make it important for international trade and cultural exchange?
Geography: Physical Features of India
1. What are the main physical divisions of India? Describe one characteristic of each division. (Himalayas, Northern Plains, Peninsular Plateau, Coastal Plains, etc.)
2. Explain the significance of the Himalayan mountain ranges for India.
3. Describe the major features of the Northern Plains and explain their importance (e.g. for agriculture).
4. Describe the Peninsular Plateau and state two of its main features.
5. How do the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats differ in terms of location and climatic influence?
6. Explain the characteristics and significance of the Thar Desert in northwestern India.
7. Describe the importance of India’s coastal plains and name the bodies of water that surround them.
8. How do India’s major physical features (mountains, plains, plateau) influence its climate and agriculture?
Geography: Drainage
1. What are the differences between Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers in India? (Mention origin, length, flow, etc.)
2. Describe the major river systems of India (e.g. Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra) and explain their significance.
3. What is a river basin? Describe any two major river basins in India.
4. Why do rivers in the Peninsular region generally have less water and more seasonal flow than Himalayan rivers?
5. What are the main features of the Ganga–Brahmaputra river system that make it important for India?
6. Describe the main features and importance of the Narmada and Tapi rivers in Peninsular India.
7. How do rivers support the Indian economy and environment? Give two examples (e.g. irrigation, hydroelectric power).
8. What is a river delta? Name a major river delta in India and explain its significance.
Civics: What is Democracy? Why Democracy?
1. Define democracy and explain any three features of a democratic government.
2. Why is democracy considered a better form of government? Give any three reasons.
3. Explain any four merits of democracy.
4. How does democracy help accommodate social and cultural diversity?
5. Why is universal adult franchise important in a democracy?
6. Describe the role of opposition parties and a free press in a democracy.
7. What is the difference between direct and representative democracy? Why is representative democracy more common today?
8. Explain how regular, free, and fair elections sustain a democracy.
Civics: Constitutional Design
1. What is a constitution? Explain why a country needs a written constitution.
2. Why did India need a constitution after gaining independence? Give three reasons.
3. Describe any four distinctive features of the Indian Constitution (e.g. federal, secular, longest written constitution, etc.).
4. What is the Preamble of the Indian Constitution? Mention any two key ideals stated in it.
5. Explain the significance of Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution.
6. Why is the Indian Constitution called the ‘supreme law of the land’?
7. Explain the concept of separation of powers as envisaged in the Indian Constitution.
8. Describe how the Constitution balances rigidity and flexibility (mention the amendment process).
Civics: Electoral Politics
1. List any four minimum conditions necessary for conducting free and fair elections in a democracy.
2. Explain the role of the Election Commission of India in the electoral process.
3. Describe the main stages of the election process in India (from announcement to voting to results).
4. What is the role of political parties in a democracy, and why are they necessary?
5. Why is universal adult franchise crucial in democratic elections?
6. Explain the significance of the principle “one person, one vote” in Indian elections.
7. How do citizens exercise their political rights through elections? Describe the process.
8. How does a free and fair election contribute to the sustainability of democracy?
Economics: The Story of Village Palampur
1. Describe the features of agricultural production in Palampur. (e.g. multiple cropping, irrigation)
2. What is multiple cropping? Explain how and why it is practiced in Palampur.
3. How has the use of electricity and machinery (e.g. tube wells, tractors) changed farming in Palampur?
4. What are the different factors of production in Palampur? Explain any two with examples from the village.
5. What non-farm activities are present in Palampur? How do they contribute to the villagers’ income?
6. Explain the organization of farming in Palampur (e.g. family labour, hired labour).
7. What economic problems do farmers of Palampur face despite modern farming methods? (e.g. small landholdings)
8. Describe how improved irrigation facilities and access to credit (bank loans) benefit agriculture in Palampur.
Economics: People as Resource
1. What is meant by the concept of ‘people as a resource’? Explain briefly.
2. How do education and skill development contribute to creating human capital?
3. Why is population growth considered a problem in India? Give three reasons.
4. Explain any three ways in which the quality of a country’s population can be improved.
5. What is human capital formation? Why is it important for economic development?
6. How does women’s education and health affect the economic development of a country?
7. Explain any two ways in which a country’s population can be turned into an asset.
8. Differentiate between viewing population as an asset and as a burden in the context of development.
You will score in exam 75 marks
